Python bindings: Fix crashes when using child objects after Dataset close - #15284

What does this PR do?

This fix apply pythonappend guard to the accessors that missed it, similar to how it was handled in other functions.

Reproduced on 3.13.3 and master.

Fixed

swig/include/python/gdal_python.i - %extend GDALRasterBandShadow:

• Band.GetSampleOverview() - SIGSEGV
• Band.GetDefaultRAT() - SIGSEGV
• Band.GetRasterColorTable() - SIGSEGV / garbage
• Band.GetColorTable() - alias of the above
• Band.GetDataset() - reads freed memory, different error on each run

swig/include/python/gdal_python.i - %extend GDALDatasetShadow:

• Dataset.GetFieldDomain() - SIGSEGV / garbage
• Dataset.GetStyleTable() - SIGSEGV / garbage

swig/include/python/ogr_python.i - %extend OGRLayerShadow:

• Layer.GetSpatialFilter() - SIGSEGV
• Layer.GetStyleTable() - SIGSEGV / garbage

Tests

Added 8 tests in autotest/gcore/basic_test.py, similar to the existing test_*_use_after_dataset_close pattern:

• test_sample_ovr_band_use_after_dataset_close
• test_rat_use_after_dataset_close
• test_color_table_use_after_dataset_close
• test_field_domain_use_after_dataset_close
• test_style_table_use_after_dataset_close
• test_layer_style_table_use_after_dataset_close
• test_spatial_filter_use_after_dataset_close
• test_band_dataset_use_after_dataset_close

What are related issues/pull requests?

AI tool usage

• AI (Y-a-t-il-un-Copilot-dans-l'avion, Chat-j'ai-pété, Jean-Claude Dusse or something similar) supported my development of this PR. See our policy about AI tool use. Use of AI tools must be indicated.

Tasklist

• Make sure code is correctly formatted (cf pre-commit configuration)
• Add test case(s)
• Add documentation
• Updated Python API documentation (swig/include/python/docs/)
• Review
• Adjust for comments
• All CI builds and checks have passed
• ADD YOUR TASKS HERE

Environment

Provide environment details, if relevant:

• OS: Ubuntu 26.04
• Compiler: gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0